This Positive Religious and Spiritual Development (PRSD) theory posits that people's religiousness/spirituality (a) is motivated by goals designed to meet psychological needs (e.g., for acceptance, predictability, and competence); (b) consists of mental/neural representations (stored beliefs, emotions, action tendencies, and physiological respon
components of spirituality/spiritual well-being, but it seems to be separated from roots in organized religion. The concept of spiritual well-being has served the same purpose as the disengagement theory in creating a focus for the discussion of religiosity, spirituality, and aging. Ellison (1983) argues that the discussions and con-On the one hand, religion involves beliefs, practices, and rituals related to the transcendent; on the other hand, spirituality is a broader concept, which includes the personal quest for understanding answers to ultimate questions about life, life meaning, and relationship with the sacred or transcendent [ 1 ]. Spirituality therefore forms a multidimensional theoretical construct. In essence, it constitutes transcendence understood as going beyond or above "the real I." In this context, spirituality is defined as experiencing transcendence through inner peace, harmony, or connectedness to others (Boswell et al., 2006). Transcendence can take place CEG0b.